Many studies are finding the existence of microplastics everywhere in the environment and in our bodies. Microplastics occur when plastic items degrade over time. A recent study confirmed that drinking from plastic water bottles is a major source of the microplastics and nanoparticles that we ingest.
Microplastics are 1 µm to 5 mm in size and nanoplastics are even smaller (less than 1 µm). They are usually invisible to the naked eye.
Study researchers did a review of over 141 studies and concluded that the average person ingests 39,000 to 52,000 microplastics each year, and those who drink bottled water ingest about 90,000 more particles than persons only drinking tap water.
Research on long-term health impacts (if any) of ingesting and breathing in microplastics and nanoparticles is just starting, but what has been done is concerning - at a minimum they are causing inflammation in our bodies. Other research suggests numerous health effects (e.g., respiratory issues, reproductive problems, disruption of the immune system).
Bottom line: buy, drink, and store as beverages in glass bottles, and drink tap water. Avoid single-use plastic water bottles.
From Phy.org: Chronic risks from single-use plastic water bottles are dangerously understudied, says study
The sun-drenched paradise of Thailand's Phi Phi islands isn't the usual starting point for a Ph.D. But for Sarah Sajedi, those soft, sandy beaches—or rather, what she found under them—inspired her pivot from a business career to an academic one.
"I was standing there looking out at this gorgeous view of the Andaman Sea, and then I looked down and beneath my feet were all these pieces of plastic, most of them water bottles," she says.
"I've always had a passion for waste reduction, but I realized that this was a problem with consumption."
Sajedi, BSc '91, decided to return to Concordia to pursue a Ph.D. with a focus on plastic waste. As the co-founder of ERA Environmental Management Solutions, a leading provider of environmental, health and safety software, she brought decades of experience to complement her studies.
Her latest paper, published in the Journal of Hazardous Materials, looks at the science around the health risks posed by single-use plastic water bottles. They are serious, she says, and seriously understudied.
In her review of over 140 scientific articles, Sajedi writes that individuals on average ingest between 39,000 and 52,000 microplastic particles per year, and bottled water users consume 90,000 more particles than tap water consumers.
The particles are usually invisible to the naked eye. A microplastic particle can range between one micron—a thousandth of a millimeter—to five millimeters; nanoplastics are smaller than one micron.
They emerge as bottles are made, stored, transported and broken down over their lifespans. Because they are often made from low-quality plastic, they shed tiny pieces every time they are manipulated and exposed to sunlight and temperature fluctuations. And unlike other types of plastic particles, which enter human bodies through the food chain, these are ingested directly from the source.
As Sajedi notes, the health consequences can be severe. Once inside the body, these small plastics can cross biological boundaries, enter the bloodstream and reach vital organs. This can lead to chronic inflammation, oxidative stress on cells, hormonal disruption, impaired reproduction, neurological damage and various kinds of cancer. However, the long-term effects remain poorly understood due to a lack of widespread testing and standardized methods of measurement and detection.
"Education is the most important action we can take," she says. "Drinking water from plastic bottles is fine in an emergency but it is not something that should be used in daily life. People need to understand that the issue is not acute toxicity—it is chronic toxicity."