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Category: brain

Published on Leave a comment on Exercise, Insulin, and the Brain

Studies find that exercise or physical activity improves the functioning of the brain, including memory and overall cognition. In a recent study, almost two weeks of exercise by older adults improved brain insulin signaling - that is, it improved the abilities of insulin to act on the brain by increasing "neuronal extracellular vesicles".

The study found these beneficial effects on a group of sedentary adults (average age 60) with prediabetes, who are at higher risk for Alzheimer's disease and dementia.

The participants exercised twelve times (60 minutes per day) by using a stationary bicycle (cycle ergometry exercise) over a 13 day period. So quick and simple, but it resulted in health benefits for the brain.

From Science Daily: Exercise improves brain function, possibly reducing dementia risk

A study led by scientists at Rutgers University-New Brunswick has shown that specialized cells involved in how the body responds to insulin are activated in the brain after exercise, suggesting that physical activity may directly improve brain function. ...continue reading "Exercise, Insulin, and the Brain"

Published on Leave a comment on Exercise Boosts Brain Function At All Ages

Exercise boosts brain function at all ages. This means that for both young and old, it is worth it to get out and engage in physical activity.

A large study reviewed other studies (for a total of 258,279 persons) on effects of exercise on brain functioning. They found that exercise, even light exercise, boosts brain function (specifically general cognition and executive function) and memory. Executive function refers to mental processes (executive functioning skills) that help you solve problems, make plans, set and carry out goals, and manage emotions.

The researchers concluded that most forms of exercise appear effective, including light-intensity activities, and even yoga, Tai Chi, and walking. The positive effects were found at all ages, and in all groups studied. There seemed to be an especially strong effect in persons with ADHD

From Science Daily: Exercise of any kind boosts brainpower at any age

Whether it's an early morning jog, or a touch of Tai Chi, groundbreaking research from the University of South Australia shows that any form of exercise can significantly boost brain function and memory across children, adults, and older adults. ...continue reading "Exercise Boosts Brain Function At All Ages"

Published on Leave a comment on Research Finds Lower Risk of Dementia After Receiving Shingles Vaccine

People are always looking for ways to lower their risk of dementia in their senior years. For a while now there has been research suggesting that older adults getting vaccines (e.g., annual flu shots) lower their risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. A recent study found that the shingles vaccine (herpes zoster vaccine) has a similar protective effect.

Adults in their 70s who received the shingles vaccine had a lower incidence of dementia. They were 20% less likely to develop dementia over the next 7 years. And the differences in rate of dementia among those who received or didn't receive the vaccine started within 1 1/2 years of getting the vaccine.

The study also showed that the protection against dementia was stronger in women than in men - that is, the shingles vaccine benefited women more than men.

By the way, one could view lower incidence of dementia as a non-target effect. The target was shingles, but other protective health effects are non-target effects.

Excerpts from Science Daily: Study strengthens link between shingles vaccine and lower dementia risk

An unusual public health policy in Wales may have produced the strongest evidence yet that a vaccine can reduce the risk of dementia. In a new study led by Stanford Medicine, researchers analyzing the health records of Welsh older adults discovered that those who received the shingles vaccine were 20% less likely to develop dementia over the next seven years than those who did not receive the vaccine.

The remarkable findings, to be published April 2 in Nature, support an emerging theory that viruses that affect the nervous system can increase the risk of dementia. If further confirmed, the new findings suggest that a preventive intervention for dementia is already close at hand.

...continue reading "Research Finds Lower Risk of Dementia After Receiving Shingles Vaccine"

Published on Leave a comment on A Site That Collects Stories of Treatments For Rare Diseases

Some people have unexplainable or mystery illnesses - whether it is unknown what exactly they have, but also how to treat the rare disease. And if somehow a doctor figures out how to treat the disease, then they may not know how to get the word out to other medical professionals. But it turns out there is a way to tell others this valuable information - CURE ID.

It turns out that within the FDA there is federal official Heather Stone who has worked tirelessly on this problem - that is, to help doctors find new treatments  for rare, deadly diseases. A site and app called CURE ID has been developed by her small team to collect such stories (it collects stories because studies haven't been done). To keep it in perspective - there are about 10,000 known rare diseases. 

The following tells the incredible story of a devastating mystery disease (brain-eating amoeba called Balamuthia) in a young girl, a treatment that finally worked, and the role that CURE ID could play in the future. CURE ID is especially interested in repurposing existing medicines, that is, using medicines already in existence, but now for rare diseases (this would be an off-label use).

Excerpts from Michael Lewis's article in the  Washington Post: The free-living bureaucrat

"...The FDA couldn’t allow just anyone to post anything. CURE ID — as the site and app became known — needed to be at least lightly refereed to keep the kooky stuff out. The point was to collect the stories that weren’t collected in medicine because they were stories, not science. Case studies, not randomized controlled trials. “Most journals won’t publish case reports because they don’t think they are valuable because they are merely anecdotes,” Heather said. For rare diseases, these anecdotes were all you had to go on, and some of them certainly had value — even if they told you about some treatment that had failed. You didn’t want people saying you could cure covid by drinking bleach. But short of that, what doctors had done with patients dying from rare diseases, and how those patients responded, had obvious value." ...continue reading "A Site That Collects Stories of Treatments For Rare Diseases"

Published on Leave a comment on Some Exercise After A Concussion In Athletes May Help Recovery

Over the years the treatment of sports-related concussions has really changed. It used to be that the person was told to rest in a darkened room for several days, but lately research has been suggesting the opposite.

A recent study found that after receiving a sports-related concussion, it is beneficial to engage in one 20 minute aerobic exercise 5 to 14 days after the  injury (concussion). The aerobic exercise was only at 80% heart rate threshold (the threshold associated with symptoms worsening and/or exhaustion. In other words, it was an aerobic exercise that wasn't too vigorous, and only for 20 minutes. In the study they cycled on recumbent bikes.

In the small study (16 participants between 8-24 years, all varsity athletes), the exercise didn't make symptoms worse. In fact, it helped with their thinking (executive functioning of the brain) and improved concussion symptoms in the early stages of recovery. This may be due to increased blood flow and oxygen to the brain from moving about.

From Medical Xpress: Concussed athletes' brains benefit from just 20 minutes of exercise

In a new study, Western researchers have shown just one 20-minute session of moderate intensity aerobic exercise can improve an athlete's executive function and concussion symptoms in the early stages of recovery.

Executive function is essential for everyday tasks, from remembering a grocery list to making strategic decisions in sports. When a basketball player closely guarded by an opponent holds back from shooting, opting to pass the ball to a teammate instead, they're tapping into the brain's inhibitory control—an important aspect of executive function. But a sports-related concussion can disrupt executive function, impacting on-field performance.

...continue reading "Some Exercise After A Concussion In Athletes May Help Recovery"

Published on Leave a comment on Eating Nuts Daily Associated With Lower Risk of Dementia

Many people to this day avoid eating nuts because they view them as high calorie and high fat (umm...probably because the medical establishment said that for years). However, studies in the past decade repeatedly found that frequent nut consumption has health benefits.

A recent study found that high consumption of nuts is associated with a lower risk of dementia (about 12% lower risk than in those not consuming nuts). The researchers found that the protective effect was strongest in those who consumed up to a handful of unsalted nuts daily, especially if they were unsalted. However, consuming more than a handful of nuts per day did not have additional benefits.

From the science news website PsyPost: Can a handful of nuts a day keep dementia away? Research suggests it might

A new study, published in the journal GeroScience, highlights a promising link between nut consumption and a reduced risk of dementia. The findings suggest that middle-aged and older adults who regularly consume nuts have a 12% lower chance of developing dementia compared to non-consumers. This protective effect was particularly strong for those who consumed up to a handful of unsalted nuts daily, which appeared to yield the most significant cognitive benefits. ...continue reading "Eating Nuts Daily Associated With Lower Risk of Dementia"

Published on Leave a comment on Loss of a Sense of Smell and Diseases

How's your sense of smell? Hopefully, it's good. A recent study found that a loss of smell is linked to 139 diseases or medical conditions!

The loss of smell (olfactory dysfunction) appears to be an early sign of all sorts of neurological and bodily diseases. The researchers found that the 139 medical conditions are also associated with inflammation (that olfactory loss and inflammation co-occur).

For example, loss of a sense of smell is an early symptom of both Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. It can be found in youth long before they exhibit symptoms of schizophrenia. It also precedes depression, major cardiac events, multiple sclerosis, early death, and even memory and neurological impairment.

Interestingly, the study authors point out that there is research showing that pleasant scents can decrease inflammation, and thus possibly improve brain health, including memory. The pleasant scents can be viewed as "therapeutic olfactory stimulation" or "olfactory enrichment". About 20 studies have been done showing that increasing olfactory stimulation (sniffing various scents, including essential oils) can improve memory.

Research done on animals shows that some scents have anti-inflammatory action, for example, eucalyptol, lavender, ginger, carvacrol (found in oregano, thyme, and sage), Shirazi thyme, limonene, and mango. Diet can also have an effect, as well as environmental factors (e.g., smoking, some medications, stress, alcoholism, nasal passage blockages).

From Science Daily: Smell loss linked to 100-plus diseases

Researchers from the Charlie Dunlop School of Biological Sciences, in collaboration with The Oxford Research Centre in the Humanities, reveal a powerful link between olfactory loss and inflammation in a staggering 139 medical conditions. This research -- led by professor emeritus Michael Leon, and researchers Cynthia Woo and Emily Troscianko -- emphasizes a little-known but potentially life-altering connection: the role our sense of smell plays in maintaining our physical and mental health. ...continue reading "Loss of a Sense of Smell and Diseases"

Published on Leave a comment on Survey Found That A Third of Former NFL Players Think They Have CTE

For years it has been known that former professional football players are at risk for chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). A recent survey of almost 2000 former NFL football players found that 34% believe they have CTE. This is a third of former players! There is no cure or treatment for CTE.

CTE is a degenerative brain disease caused by repeated by concussions and repeated blows to the head. Symptoms reported by former NFL players (average age 57.7 years) who thought they had CTE included: depression, cognitive difficulties, mental health problems, and thoughts of suicide. Frequent thoughts of suicide was strongly linked with thinking they may have CTE.

It is unknown how many of the former football players surveyed actually have CTE because it can only be diagnosed after death (by examining the brain). No one knows at this time how many football players will go on to develop CTE.

Excerpts from NPR: A third of former NFL players surveyed believe they have CTE, researchers find

One-third of former professional football players reported in a new survey that they believe they have the degenerative brain disease known as chronic traumatic encephalopathy, or CTE.

The research, published Monday in the medical journal JAMA Neurology, represents one of the broadest surveys to date of former NFL players' perception of their cognitive health and how widely they report symptoms linked to CTE, which is thought to be caused by concussions and repeated hits to the head. ...continue reading "Survey Found That A Third of Former NFL Players Think They Have CTE"

Published on Leave a comment on Persons With Multiple Sclerosis Don’t Get Alzheimer’s Disease

Something surprising: People with multiple sclerosis don't develop Alzheimer's disease - even if it runs in the family. New research suggests that multiple sclerosis may protect a person from Alzheimer's disease.

The researchers found that the more typical the multiple sclerosis development and symptoms in the person, the less likely they were to have amyloid plaque accumulation in the brain. Amyloid plaques in the brain are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease.

Accumulation of plaques is generally viewed as the first step that leads to cognitive decline and ultimately Alzheimer's disease.

From Futurity: Multiple Sclerosis May Protect Against Alzheimer's Disease

People with multiple sclerosis are far less likely than those without the condition to have the molecular hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease, according to new research.

The discovery suggests a new avenue of research through which to seek Alzheimer’s treatments, says Matthew Brier, an assistant professor of neurology and of radiology at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and the study’s first author. ...continue reading "Persons With Multiple Sclerosis Don’t Get Alzheimer’s Disease"

Published on Leave a comment on Brain Disease Cluster In Canada

The province of New Brunswick in Canada is home to a mysterious cluster of brain diseases in some of its residents - even in young persons in their 20s and 30s. The numbers of persons stricken (currently 430) with neurodegenerative brain diseases and dying is growing, and at this time no one knows exactly why this is happening.

One possibility is pesticide exposure, especially the pesticide (herbicide) glyphosate. Glyphosate is heavily used in the province in the forest industry, which is also a main industry. The herbicide is heavily used in clear cuts and tree plantations.

Lab tests found incredibly high levels of the pesticide glyphosate in the persons with the neurological symptoms. But after these results were revealed, the provincial government basically shut all research down. A doctor who was instrumental in bringing attention to this mysterious brain disease cluster was muzzled. Uh oh... a political and industry cover up?

The NY Times did an in-depth investigation, and the article written by Greg Donohue makes for fascinating reading.  They All Got Mysterious Brain Diseases. They're Fighting to Learn Why.

The article pointed out that recent studies have shown that glyphosate crosses the blood-brain barrier, and that chronic exposure can lead to neurological inflammation that can trigger Alzheimer’s disease. There is a link between glyphosate and an increased risk for Parkinson's disease and other health problems, including cancer.

A further discussion of that investigation and the role of pesticides (glyphosate) in brain diseases. Good list of references for more information. Excerpts from Beyond Pesticides: One Of World's Largest Dementia Clusters In Young People May Be Tied To High Blood Levels Of Glyphosate

A piercing investigative article in the August 14 New York Times by journalist Greg Donahue reveals the abandonment of a group of brain disease patients in an area of Canada with forestry management for paper products, agriculture, and large amounts of pesticide use, including glyphosate. ...continue reading "Brain Disease Cluster In Canada"